Реферат: This issue of the journal is devoted to the translation of a monograph by V.V. Azatyan previously published in Russian under the title Цепные реакции горения, взрыва и детонации в газах. Химические методы управления (Chain reactions of combustion, explosion, and detonation of gases. Chemical methods of control) published in 2020 by the Russian Academy of Sciences (ISBN 978-5-907036-77-2). This is a revised and extended version of the book. The author added the text on the development of the theory of ignition induction periods considering the role of heterogeneous development of reaction chains (Chapter IV). Revision also concerned the role of heterogeneous chain termination in flame propagation (Chapter VIII). This explains why the articles are called chapters in this issue. The peer review of the original publication was done by the Russian Academy of Sciences publishing house and then internally by the editorial board of Kinetics and Catalysis. The book addresses to a wide area of fast chemical reactions, characterized by a rich variety of specific kinetic, macrokinetic, and gas-dynamic patterns and underlying the processes of combustion, explosion, and detonation of gases. The growing interest of researchers and engineers in these combustion regimes is determined by their extreme prevalence and enormous role in technology, in energy production, in many areas of human activity, and in nature. Based on many years of research, a theory of gas dynamics of combustion, explosion, and detonation processes has been developed. The fundamental problems of elucidating their causes and the laws and patterns of development began to be solved only in the last two or three decades. Combustion is usually understood as the kinetic regime of a chemical process that begins with progressive self-acceleration and is accompanied by the release of heat and light. This regime is ensured by intense self-heating of the reaction mixture and/or accelerating propagation of active intermediate products through a chain mechanism. For a long time, it was generally accepted that the branching chain reaction mechanisms, discovered by N.N. Semenov and S. Hinshelwood, play an important role in combustion only at pressures tens and hundreds of times lower than atmospheric pressure, under conditions of insignificant self-heating. The role of reaction chains in combustion at higher pressures and during self-heating was ignored and even denied. Combustion under these conditions was interpreted without taking into account the chain mechanism even by those authors who spoke about the chain nature of combustion reactions in their early publications. The question of the reasons for the high rates of combustion and explosion processes occurring despite the extremely low rates of hypothetically accepted intermolecular reactions was not raised. In papers mentioning chain reactions, flame propagation, explosion, or detonation are considered using a hypothetical one-step reaction model. This book draws attention to the fact that gas-phase processes of combustion, explosion, and detonation cannot and do not occur without the participation of free atoms and radicals due to the high activation energies of intermolecular reactions. Based on the results of complex experimental and theoretical studies, it has been demonstrated that gas combustion occurs as a result of the nucleation of free atoms and radicals in the reactions of the initial reagents and the rapid multiplication of these active particles in their chain reactions with the initial molecules. It is shown that, contrary to previous ideas, a chain avalanche is a necessary condition for the combustion of gases not only at pressures tens and hundreds of times lower than atmospheric pressure, but also at higher pressures, in any temperature regime. Thanks to identifying the chain nature of gas combustion reactions at atmospheric and elevated pressures, the physicochemical mechanism of the onset and development of ignition processes, flame propagation, explosion, and detonation was revealed and confirmed by experiments. Many of their most important patterns that had not been explained before were explained. This is primarily the revealing of the kinetic mechanism of high reaction rates and an increase in these rates by several orders of magnitude in microseconds during an explosion. The mechanism of the phenomenon of the induction period as an integral property of chain ignition has also been clarified. The theory of high sensitivity of the chain combustion rate to small impurities of a number of compounds and the dependence of the inhibition efficiency on their molecular structure also received quantitative confirmation. The important role of HO2 radicals in the heterogeneous development of reaction chains was predicted and proven through direct identification. Fundamental patterns and laws, such as the chain–thermal explosion, the law of the exponent containing the Boltzmann factor in a positive exponent, and new features of inhibition, making it possible to effectively control combustion and explosion, were predicted and discovered. It was shown that the main feature of the chain mechanism, which determines high rates and accelerations of reactions in all combustion regimes, is the conversion of a significant part of the enthalpy of the initial reagents into the energy of free valences of atoms and radicals, multiplying in chain reactions with the initial reagents and ensuring the maximum rate of achieving thermodynamic equilibrium. In this book, all statements about the revealed new patterns are illustrated and confirmed by measurement results. A number of previously known provisions are also critically examined on the basis of experimental facts. As in the author’s 2020 monograph, special attention is paid to the previously overlooked important role of heterogeneous chain termination on reactor surfaces. It is shown that, in contrast to the concepts generally accepted until recently, the reactor surface is involved not only in heat removal, but also in the heterogeneous termination of reaction chains. The patterns of flame propagation are largely determined by these heterogeneous reactions. This means that chain combustion is characterized by a strong dependence of all patterns on the chemical properties of the surface, even at atmospheric pressure and the limiting role of diffusion in the rate of heterogeneous reactions. The phenomenon of chain–thermal explosion has been revealed, which is important for the practice and study of combustion processes. The features of the critical conditions for the explosion and the effect of inhibitors on this chain combustion regime are determined. The chain nature of the reactions also determines the high sensitivity of the kinetics of combustion reactions to impurities of many compounds, which was used to develop effective chemical methods for controlling combustion, explosion, and detonation, as well as studying their mechanisms and patterns and available environmentally friendly reagents. Based on complex theoretical and experimental studies, the chain nature of reactions in gas-phase processes of combustion, flame propagation, explosion, and detonation has been revealed. The laws of reactions in these processes have been discovered, and new patterns inherent in reactions in these combustion regimes have been found. Methods of chemical control have been developed. The book is intended for researchers and engineers involved in the processes of gas combustion, explosion, and detonation, as well as for university teachers and graduate students specializing in the field of chemical kinetics and combustion.

Библиографическая ссылка: Azatyan V.V.
Preface and Editorial Note
Kinetics and Catalysis. 2024. V.65. NS1. P.S1-S2. DOI: 10.1134/s0023158424601256 WOS Scopus РИНЦ CAPlus OpenAlex

Идентификаторы БД:

Web of science:	WOS:001295051700006
Scopus:	2-s2.0-85201817238
РИНЦ:	68611529
Chemical Abstracts:	2024:1807227
OpenAlex:	W4401761805

Альметрики: